¿Los universitarios deben elegir directamente al rector y los decanos de sus centros de estudios? La ley que lo dispone, aprobada recientemente en el Congreso, genera posiciones divididas. Por un lado, profesores y alumnos la enarbolan como el antídoto a la corrupción enquistada en los órganos de gobierno; y por el otro, las autoridades hablan de politización innecesaria.
Por Ghiovani Hinojosa
El miedo a la democracia
A Carlos Rodriguez, a student of the tenth cycle of the Faculty of Arts at the University San Marcos, it reeks of politics. He says it is common knowledge among his friends that there is a vicious circle of delegates who held power and exchanging roles when election time is coming. Do not know more. "I'd rather devote twice a week to intern all day in the library to find books for my thesis, is sincere. Therefore, in recent internal elections, tainted their vote, "because I was totally disconnected." Like him, thousands of San Marcos remain unplugged from a highly politicized: the official figures of 2009 (the This year not yet published the Electoral Committee, which is irregular) show that in the case of letters, the list of students who won in the third student received only 12% of the votes (it is estimated that about 80% of Students of this faculty voted flawed or blank). Under these conditions, what kind of legitimacy have student representatives? Does this experience shows that the indirect voting system is hanging by a thread?
therefore surprising, says the sociologist and professor Sinesio Lopez, that the politicization of universities is the main argument those who oppose the law that democratizes Election Authorities of the Peruvian University, passed by the House of Congress on 23 June. As is known, this standard provides students and teachers the opportunity to directly elect-without the intervention of the university assembly and faculty councils, the rector and deans, respectively. Is that, according to Lopez, the universities are already politicized, but covertly. This means that, in research centers such as San Marcos, aspiring deans deploy electoral propaganda and negotiate with the teachers voting in favor and the third student representatives. "With the new law, politics will come to light. Proposals candidates will be known clearly. University are expected to be informed citizens, and that, being more open elections, dropping out of indifference. Small active minority who for years controlled the university will lose its power, "he explains.
Last Wednesday, the president of the National Assembly of Rectors (ANR) and rector of the Universidad Ricardo Palma, Ivan Rodriguez, said at a news conference: "The current system does not makes the election of officers of an election campaign because all primary teachers who qualify are candidates for president, is a caucus system implemented in an assembly. Not that you previously registered and is campaigning for who know, no votes and presents programs conquest. This is the classical scheme of world universities. " While Rodriguez's description does not fit the reality of public universities, it embodies the fear of the possible disruption of academic life that could result in universal elections. Debates, demagogic pledges of the candidates and infiltration of extremists, characterize, according to some university officials, the election of the rector, vice rectors and deans. For advocates of law thing is simple: Ivan Rodriguez and his environment presidents and deans are worried about the future of their jobs.
The consensus for change existed
• The outrage has shown, in unanimous chorus, the National Assembly of Rectors, Education Minister José Antonio Chang, and some opinion leaders, against the law of universal suffrage in universities, in contrast to the optimism with which this proposal was being debated in the education sector a few years ago. Zeno Depaz, director School of Philosophy at San Marcos, remembers that first 2002 during the administration of former Minister Nicolás Lynch, and then between 2005 and 2006, with the support of former Education Minister Javier Sota Nadal, we conducted a series of decentralized forums around the country with the participation of students and university authorities, regional governments and employers.
"In those days it was a consensus regarding the mechanisms of representation in the university were inadequate, thus favoring corruption. The demand universal suffrage was a deeply felt, and most agreed to implement, "he recalls. So why the ministry's official position has changed? "Under pressure from the NRA, which is a kind of union bodies. They defend their own interests: if not, how to explain that, while criticizing the system of universal suffrage, defend the fraud that has just happened in San Marcos "answers Depaz. In fact, the written statement that aired last Sunday principals outlined in paragraph four: "(reject) the attack of which are under national universities of Lima and the provinces and especially the unleashed against the National University of SAN MARCOS and its rector Dr. Luis Izquierdo Vasquez for the abuse he has inflicted on this campaign. " How can the NRA to take a position in favor of Izquierdo if there is still no certainty about the alleged irregularities in the selection of teachers to the university assembly last May (the indictment today investigating prosecutor as the Electoral Committee refused to register a complaint)?
What happens in private?
• The law establishing universal suffrage in the country's universities made the overnight. The Education Committee discussed the Parliament on Tuesday night June 22 and adopted in plenary the following day. For principals, it is not just a standard improvised, but also inconsiderate, did not ask for views on the subject. The fact is that, while limiting the power of governance (reducing the number of members of the university assembly from 114 to 36, the university council from 40 to 12, and the faculty councils, from 20 to 9 ), the newly enacted law is vague on its implementation in private universities (Article 1 speaks of the "Peruvian university" in general). Werner Cabrera, president of the Committee on Education, states that the proposed scheme applies, in addition to the public, universities, non-profit private (Catholic, Lima, San Martin, Pacific) and not those that are constituted as limited companies or companies (UPC, San Ignacio, Peruvian César Vallejo and Wings).
"I advised some congressmen of the Committee on Education, for a matter of political feasibility, the law only deal with public universities. Is that the private sector sees the law as a threat, even if they have to, it is assumed that private universities, non-profit have no owner or, rather, their owners are all members of the university community, "reflects Zeno Depaz. In any event, this meeting of positions can be the starting point to resume the debate on the New University Act (which includes key aspects such as the university ombudsman, the National Council of Universities and programs to boost research), trapped in Congress since 2001. Everyone would like to say, in education, Peru advances.
Data
32.800 undergraduate and graduate students choose to directly to the new rector of San Marcos in May.
San Marcos 3,500 teachers would vote for the new rector. The final law does not provide the vote of the administrative and graduates.
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